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The wristwatch was invented by Patek Philippe at the end of the 19th century. At the time, it was considered a womans accessory.

It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that the Franco-Brazilian inventor Alberto Santos-Dumont, who had difficulty checking the time while in his first aircraft Dumont was working on the invention of the aeroplane, asked his friend Louis Cartier for a watch he could use more easily. Cartier gave him a leather-band wristwatch from which Dumont never separated.

Being a popular figure in Paris, Cartier was soon able to sell these watches to other men. During the First World War, officers in all armies soon discovered that in battlefield situations, quickly glancing at a watch on their wrist was far more convenient than fumbling in their jacket pockets for an old-fashioned pocket watch.

In addition, as increasing numbers of officers were killed in the early stages of the war, NCOs promoted to replace them often did not have pocket watches traditionally a middle-class item out of the reach of ordinary working-class soldiers, and so relied on the army to provide them with timekeepers. As the scale of battles increased, artillery and infantry officers were required to synchronize watches in order to conduct attacks at precise moments, whilst artillery officers were in need of a large number of accurate timekeepers for rangefinding and gunnery.

Army contractors began to issue reliable, cheap, mass-produced wristwatches which were ideal for these purposes. When the war ended, demobilized European and American officers were allowed to keep their wristwatches, helping to popularize the items amongst middle-class Western civilian culture.

Today, many Westerners wear watches on their wrists, a direct result of World War I. The trend has since spread to other parts of the world, wherever accurate and convenient time references are required.

A movement in watchmaking is the mechanism that measures the passage of time and displays the current time and possibly other information including date, month, day et cetera to the wearer of the watch. Movements may be entirely mechanical, entirely electronic potentially with no moving parts, or a blend of the two.

Most watches intended mainly for timekeeping today have electronic movements, with mechanical hands on the face of the watch indicating the time. Purely mechanical watches are still popular, although they are monly seen among expensive, collectible watches.

The best of these are among the most precisely engineered mechanisms in existence, and this superb craftsmanship accounts for much of the attraction of purely mechanical pared to electronic movements, mechanical watches keep very poor time, often with errors of seconds per day. They are frequently sensitive to position and temperature, they are costly to produce, they require regular maintenance and adjustment, and they are more prone to failure.

For this reason, inexpensive and moderately priced timepieces with electronic movements now provide most users with superbly accurate timekeeping and have almost entirely supplanted older watch designs with mechanical movements. Tuning fork watches introduced by Bulova in 1960 use a 360 hertz tuning fork to drive a mechanical watch.

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